Sweden – a national strategy for green hydrogen
10 December 2021
Share this article
Hydrogen Decarbonisation Europe & UK Low Carbon Transportation Renewable Energy
Hydrogen will play an important role in supporting the drive to net zero greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden by 2045 – five years ahead of the rest of the EU, the Swedish Energy Agency promises in its newly launched ‘national strategy for fossil-free hydrogen, electro-fuels and ammonia’.
In particular in the industrial sector, where hydrogen can solve problems where other technologies are limited, while the investments also will in turn impact other sectors such as transportation through sector integration.
Hydrogen storage also is considered a potential source of future flexibility for the grid.
The Agency has proposed a two-phase strategy with a total of 15GW of hydrogen electrolyser capacity in the country by 2045. Of this 5GW should be implemented in the first phase by 2030.
These capacities would supply the expected demand of 22-42TWh of green hydrogen in the first phase, increasing to 44-84TWh by 2045.
This capacity indicates increased electricity demand of from 60 to 126TWh/year, while CO2 emissions reductions could reach 1.5-3Mt by 2030 and 7-15Mt by 2045, respectively from 3-6% and 15-30% of Sweden’s present day total emissions.
“The strategy sets a direction that can be common to the state and business,” says Robert Andrén, Director General of the Swedish Energy Agency.
“It also makes clear what conditions need to be put in place in order for us to be able to utilise the potential of the use of hydrogen and electro-fuels.”
The strategy (in Swedish) also notes an urgency to limit climate change with a phasing out of the use of fossil fuels over time.
Hydrogen for aviation
In parallel with the hydrogen strategy, the Swedish Energy Agency has awarded funding for hydrogen projects that can lead to fossil-free aviation.
Among these is an award to GKN Aerospace to develop engine subsystems in the national H2JET project, which is investigating hydrogen combustion-powered turboprop or turbofan engines for the single-aisle market with a targeted entry into service within Europe in 2035.
Alongside this GKN also has been awarded funding for its work on an electric fan for turbofan engines.
Another award has been made to RISE SICOMP AB, which is focused on the development of ultralight liquid hydrogen fuel tanks for aircraft. Issues of interest include gas permeability and the emergence of micro-cracks at the extremely low temperature, -255oC, of liquid hydrogen.
The E-THRUST project led by Mälardalen University, which is investigating the design optimisation of hybrid electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft, also has been awarded funding.
https://www.enlit.world/hydrogen/sweden-a-national-strategy-for-green-hydrogen/
HOWEVER, PLEASE READ THIS FIRST:
FOREIGN POLICY NEWS:
“ ARGUMENT
An expert's point of view on a current event.
Russia Is Driving Sweden and Finland Closer to NATO
Moscow’s aggression may have permanently changed Nordic security debates.
By Heli Hautala, a Finnish career diplomat and visiting fellow at the Center for a New American Security.”
https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/02/02/russia-sweden-finland-nato-ukraine/
THE DAILY SABAH:
“ Would Russia invade Sweden’s Gotland (again)? “
https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/would-russia-invade-swedens-gotland-again/amp
REGARDING CERN:
“ News Press release Topic: At CERN
Voir en français
Russian Agreement with CERN
3 NOVEMBER, 1993
Geneva, 3 November 1993. On the occasion of the bi-annual meeting of the CERN1 -Russia Committee, under the co-chairmanship of Minister Boris Saltykov and CERN's Director-General, Professor Carlo Rubbia, a new Scientific and Technological Cooperation Agreement was formally signed on 30th October in the laboratories of the Institute for High Energy Physics (I.H.E.P.) in Protvino, near Moscow. The three year duration of this Agreement, constitutes a reasonable transitional period in further developing the long-standing relations, between CERN and the Russian Federation with the ultimate goal of the Russian Federation becoming a full Member of CERN.
Visiting the impressive installations at the I.H.E.P. laboratory, including the construction site of the UNK-600 accelerator, Minister Saltykov and Professor Rubbia expressed their satisfaction on excellent collaboration and called for increased participation in experiments both at CERN and in Russia. Maintaining a vigorous experimental programme both at home and on CERN's machines requires a major commitment in the context of Russian resources for pure and applied scientific research, but Minister Saltykov expressed his firm intention to maintain the present level in both human and material resources for what he called the most fundamental of basic research: an endeavour of a highly cultural character, in which an active Russian presence is essential.
For almost thirty years strong scientific and technological collaboration has existed between CERN and the former Soviet Union. A considerable part of these activities being carried out in the Russian Federation whilst Russian research institutes and physicists also play an important role in many experiments at CERN. Although essentially a European Laboratory, physicists from all around the world, including such countries as Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan and the United States of America work together on CERN experiments. Russian participation in CERN's international research programmes involves a heavy investment of intellectual, and in many cases technological and industrial efforts. This collaboration has not been limited to the use of CERN facilities but in several cases the expertise of Russian institutes has been applied to develop basic facilities of CERN's Laboratory. In addition, a number of international experiments involving CERN personnel were carried out in Russia, particularly in I.H.E.P. Protvino.
The Russian research institutes with assistance of highly competent sectors of Russian industry, have the firm intention to make a major contribution to the construction and utilisation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), CERN's new superconducting accelerator project. In the Russian Federation, the community of High Energy Physicists and the Government authorities, represented by Minister Boris Saltykov and Minister Victor Mikhailov, have decided on the usefulness, and even necessity to join CERN projects. It would be, in the opinion of all concerned, mutually beneficial for Russia and CERN and the world's High Energy Physics community and a step forward in the development of basic science around the world.
1. CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its Member States are Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Israel, the Russian Federation, Turkey, Yugoslavia (status suspended after UN embargo, June 1992), the European Commission and Unesco have observer status.”
https://home.cern/news/press-release/cern/russian-agreement-cern
“ antihydrogen
Several experiments at CERN use or research antihydrogen, the antimatter counterpart to hydrogen. While the common hydrogen atom is composed of an electron and proton, the antihydrogen atom is made up of a positron and an antiproton.”
https://home.cern/tags/antihydrogen
RUSSIAN HYDROGEN:
“ Russia’s Hydrogen Energy Strategy
October 14, 2021
This commentary is part of Energy Rewired, a project from the CSIS Energy Security and Climate Change Program studying the industrial strategies of major economies for the energy transition. The project examines countries’ big bets on emerging energy technologies and how these will rewire the world’s energy map.
Key Points
- Russia’s primary goal is to become a world-leading producer and exporter of hydrogen energy. Its official goals are to export 0.2 million metric tons by 2024 and 2 million by 2035.
- As a major hydrocarbon producer, Russia is seeking to capitalize on its current infrastructure and technical strengths to manage the substantial risks it faces as many of its customers work to decarbonize their economies.
- Russia sees its resource endowment, large and mature gas industry, and scientific/academic expertise as suitable strengths to become a global leader in hydrogen.
- Much of Russia’s current strategic documents are essentially calls to action. Russia has yet to firmly establish priorities, feasibility, and actual steps needed to develop its hydrogen sector.”
https://www.csis.org/analysis/russias-hydrogen-energy-strategy
No comments:
Post a Comment